• HOME
• ABOUT US
  • COMPANY PROFILE
  • STAFF
• PROJECTS
  • APPLIANCES & EQUIPMENT
  • RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
  • COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS
• REPORTS
  • TECHNICAL
  • PAPERS/
    PRESENTATIONS
  • BOOKS
• CONTACT

 

 

 

TECHNICAL REPORTS

   

The Value of Insulation Based Residential Savings Report prepared by Robert Foster, EES for ICANZ. September 2012. This report, commissioned by the Insulation Council of Australia and New Zealand (ICANZ) is intended to state the case for a range of cost effective insulation based residential energy savings measures appropriate to a significant proportion of householders throughout Australia.

Long Term Trends in Household Refrigerator Characteristics in Australia

Report prepared by Lloyd Harrington, EES with assistance from Richard Brown.
Forthcoming in 2012.

Development of Revised MEPS and Labelling for Refrigerators and Freezers Reports prepared by EES for the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency. Ongoing 2011 and 2012. This project is setting new Minimum Energy Performance Standards levels for household refrigerators and freezers in 2015 based on USA levels for 2014. The proposal also includes migration to the new IEC global test method and revised energy labelling requirements. Ongoing in 2011 and 2012. Reports/Papers: Paper 1: Summary of new MEPS levels in the USA Paper 2: Roadmap for MEPS 3 in Australia and New Zealand Papers 3 & 4 in preparation 2012

REMP Methodology Papers Prepared by EES and other consultants for the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency. A range of methodology papers that outlined issues for residential and end use monitoring programs in 2010. Reports/Papers: All dated April 2012 REMP - General Introduction and Overview REMP - General Plug Loads Data Collection and Analysis REMP - Equipment Recommendations REMP - Data Management Strategy: Data Handling and Database Requirement/Specification REMP - Heating and Cooling Loads Data Collection and Analysis REMP - Collection and Analysis of End-use Metering Data for Lighting REMP Water Heating Data Collection

E3 Household Standby Audit: 2010 - 2011 Prepared by EES for the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, December 2011. This study was the third study of standby levels in Australian homes (the first was conducted in 2000 and the second (also conducted by EES) was completed in 2005). Completed for 150 homes along the eastern seaboard, the stock of all appliances and equipment in every home was fully documented, including spot measurements of power for each mode as well as the key characteristics (such as size). Householders were asked about their usage of selected products. This study provides a sound basis for benchmarking trends in standby power in Australian homes in the lead up to proposed regulations in 2013. It also provides valuable information on key changes in the stock of appliances and equipment over time, as well as their low power attributes.

Value of Ceiling Insulation and the Impact of HIP Program Report prepared by EES for Insulation Council of Australia and New Zealand, September 2011. This report, commissioned by the Insulation Council of Australia and New Zealand (ICANZ) was intended to re-state the case for the retrofitting of ceiling insulation to the remaining stock of un-insulated residential buildings in Australia. Despite the particular delivery issues that arose during the 2009-10 Commonwealth Home Insulation Program, this study argues that retrofit of ceiling insulation should continue to be promoted as one of the best and most cost effective energy saving measures that should be supported at all levels of government. The study examined two scenarios, one with a goal of insulating 50% and one with a goal of insulating 100% of dwellings currently without ceiling by 2020. The study undertook a quantitative assessment of; costs associated with the energy saving measure, estimated thermal performance improvement to the housing stock (star rating), estimated energy savings, estimated fuel cost savings, estimated greenhouse gas emission abatement, peak load reduction as well as a cost benefit analysis utilizing a range of financial scenarios.

Tracking Efficient Trends of Televisions Prepared by Lloyd Harrington and Rob Harrington, EES for the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, June 2011. This report looks at trends in television energy efficiency data based on registrations over the period from mid 2009 to early 2011. It concludes that there is a rapid change in the underlying efficiency of products.

Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Policy Measures for Household Refrigeration in Australia Prepared by Lloyd Harrington, EES and Dr Kevin Lane for the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, December 2010. This major report undertook an evaluation of energy efficiency policy measures such as energy labelling and MEPS over the period 1985 to 2009. The report examines actual trends in energy consumption of refrigerators and attributes energy saving to each of the program measures implemented during the period.

Report on Standby Power and Low Energy Networks Prepared by Lloyd Harrington, EES and Bruce Nordman, September 2010 for the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency and IEA 4E, December 2010. This major report investigates the issue of network connectivity and its relationship with standby power. It examines a range of technical issues with respect to networks and power consumption and sets out a broad road map for low energy networks.

Greening Whitegoods Prepared by EES, for the Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and E3, October 2010. This study is an ongoing analysis of GfK appliance model sales data to assess energy consumption and performance trends of major household appliances in the Australian market from 1993 to 2009. The latest report was released in 2010. This report examines in detail the sales weighted trend for major appliances (refrigerators, freezers, clothes washers, clothes dryers and dishwashers) in Australia (2010).

Refrigerator Energy Labelling and MEPS Compliance in the Australian Market Prepared by Lloyd Harrington, EES and Dr Kevin Lane for the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, June 2010. This report evaluates the level of compliance for energy consumption under energy labelling and MEPS by assessing the test reports of more than 250 products tested by Choice over the period 1998 to 2008.

Review of proposed new methodology for assigning Default Savings Factors for showerhead replacements under the NSW Energy Savings Scheme Prepared by EES for The Energy Energy Division Industry and Investment of the NSW Government, June 2010. In 2010 Industry and Investment NSW undertook a review of the NSW Energy Savings Scheme Rule (ESS Scheme) for showerheads. The review proposed a new methodology for determining the default savings factors (DSFs). EES was commissioned to undertake an independent peer review of the assumptions, data sources and calculation methods that constituted the new method for determining default savings factors (DSFs) to be applied to showerheads.

Estimating Stock Average Low Power Mode Attributes Prepared by Lloyd Harrington, EES for IEAS 4E Standby Annex and Asia Pacific Partnership WG on Standby Power, December 2009. Sets out a methodology for estimating stock average standby attributes based on a standard stock turnover model using attributes and sales of new products.

Consultation Paper: Single Duct Portable Space Conditioners and Spot Coolers Prepared by EES for the Department of the Environment, Water Heritage and the Arts, September 2009.

Consultation Draft RIS: Revision to the Energy Labelling Algorithms and Revised MEPS levels and Other Requirements for Air Conditioners Prepared by EES for the Department of the Environment, Water Heritage and the Arts, September 2008.

Energy Use in the Australian Residential Sector: 1986 – 2020 Report prepared for Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, June 2008. This project is an update of the original 1999 Baseline Residential Energy Study conducted in 1999 for the Australian Greenhouse Office. This update report is the most detailed and comprehensive study of residential sector energy consumption ever undertaken in Australia. The report models some 60 different end uses and covers electricity, mains gas, LPG and wood energy consumption. The report provides annual estimates at a state level for every end use and fuel type for the years 1986 to 2020. It is based on a detailed energy end use stock model for all nominated end uses. Input data such as ownership, usage patterns, climate and weather impacts and appliance attributes (efficiency trends) have been developed as stock model inputs from a wide range of sources. The study has a particular emphasis on the impact of building shell performance on residential heating and cooling energy consumption. A detailed stock model of building shell trends (size, construction type, insulation levels) is at the core of the study and the study explores building shell performance in 10 climate zones around Australia.

E3 Consultation RIS: Proposed revisions to the method of test and energy labelling algorithms for household refrigerators and freezers Report prepared by EES for Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, EECA and E3, June 2008.

Impact of Changes in AS/NZS4474.1-2007 on Energy Consumption Report prepared by EES for EL15/23 and E3 (E3 Report 2007/13) which examines the impact of the revised test method for refrigerators and freezers on energy consumption.

Discussion Paper on Refrigerator Star Rating Algorithms in Australia and New Zealand Revised Proposal, September 2007, prepared by EES, E3 Report 2007/09. Sets out the basis for new refrigerator and freezer star rating algorithms for introduction in 2010.

Inverter MEPS Discussion Paper Paper prepared by EES for E3 on issues surrounding the part load MEPS allowance in AS/NZS3823.2 for air conditioners. Report includes analysis of current registrations and a range of proposals to redress the current problems and industry concerns.

Summary of Industry/Government Round Table on Refrigerators and Air Conditioners Summary report prepared by EES on changes agreed between government and industry to program key program measures, 12 April 2007.

Development of a Global Standard for the Testing of Clothes Washers - Stage 1 - Load and Detergent Report prepared by EES for EL15/4 and E3 on the recommended changes to AS/NZS2040.1 to more closely align with international test methods.

2005 Intrusive Residential Standby Survey Report Report prepared by EES for Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and E3, March 2006. This report was commissioned by E3 in 2005 and examined the standby attributes of some 8,000 appliances that were installed in 120 homes in Australia in late 2005. The report documents the contribution of each of the major appliance and equipment groups and concludes that standby in an average home is around 92 Watts (from 27 devices) and growing with the most significant contributions from home entertainment equipment and office equipment (primarily computers). This report is one of many standby investigations conducted in Australia over the past 5 years. March 2006.

Method for Determination of a Rinse Performance Method for Clothes Washers Report prepared by EES for Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (WELS), June 2006. EES was contracted over the period 2003 to 2005 to develop a new rinse performance test method and a mandatory minimum rinse performance requirement prior to the introduction of water efficiency labelling (WELS) for clothes washers in Australia. EES sub-contracted chemistry academics and test laboratories to support the development of the new method within a broad framework of consultation with the national standards committee. The new method, based on a chemical marker called PBIS, was successfully demonstrated in 2005 and has now been included in the latest version of national clothes washer standard AS/NZS2040.1-2005 and the minimum performance requirement is a prerequisite for mandatory water labelling which became mandatory in mid 2006.

Status of Air Conditioners in Australia Report prepared by EES for Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and E3, January 2006. Report prepared for E3 documents all the available data in Australia for air conditioners including historical ownership and forecasts, efficiency and capacity trends, analysis of products registered for energy labelling, sales data (including split by air conditioner types), data on age and replacement and total state and national energy estimates (historical and forecast). This product is of growing concern with a rapid increase in ownership and unprecedented summer peak loads during extreme weather conditions. This data is being used to support various peak load studies.

Electrical Peak Load Analysis: Victoria 1999 – 2003 Report prepared by EES for Victorian Energy Networks Corporation, January 2005. This project was commissioned in 2004 with the aim of better understanding the contribution of air conditioners to system peak load in Victoria and to examine ways to improve the forecasting accuracy of system peak loads on a day to day basis, particularly during extreme summer conditions . The approach used was to develop a bottom up demand model based on modelling cooling demand in housing using a thermal building shell model and actual weather data to replicate weather sensitive cooling demand. This approach provides an improved estimate of potential peak demand on a day to day basis. Some preliminary work was also undertaken on the potential impact that changes in air conditioner ownership and building shell efficiency may have on future peak demands.

Status of Energy Labelling for Household Appliances in Europe

Report prepared for the Office of the Chief Electrical Inspector, Victoria, February 2005.

Statistical Basis for the Determination of Checktesting Validity Criteria Report prepared by Professor Robert Bartels of the University of Sydney and Lloyd Harrington EES for Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and E3, 1999, updated February 2004. This technical report was prepared for the appliance industry and energy efficiency regulators in Australia to assist in the interpretation of checktesting results. It provides a theoretical background to the verification process for energy labelling (declared values) and performance requirements (maximum permitted values, including MEPS) and provides the basis for checktesting rules that have been adopted by E3 as part of the national checktesting program.

Energy Labelling and Standards Programs Throughout the World Report prepared by EES and Melissa Damnics of EnergyConsult for Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and E3, 2004. The report builds on work undertaken by EES within the APEC Steering Group on Energy Standards from 1997 to 2001. National energy labels and minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) are fast becoming commonplace throughout the world. This report provides a broad overview of current labelling and MEPS programs from over 50 countries. This report aims to enable the reader to understand the extent of the coverage and the different methods used in such programs. The report also acts as a guide to resources where the most up to date information can be found, along with references to more in-depth and detailed material.

Energy Label Transition – The Australian Experience Report prepared by EES for Australian Greenhouse Office, July 2004. In 2000 Australia was the first major economy with a mandatory energy labelling program to re-grade the label rating scale and redesign the label. This was a major effort and took years of planning and preparation. This report endeavours to detail the process undertaken to achieve a successful transition in 2000 from the old label to the new label. The appendices include detailed information from product working group meetings which detail the issues considered and the agreements which were finally implemented.

Impacts of Sub-division Design on the Additional Housing Cost to meet 5 & 6 star standards for Class 1 Buildings in Victoria

Client: Sustainable Energy Authority of Victoria
This study completed in 2003 provided guidance to the industry on integrated house and lot design which minimises the cost of complying with thermal performance standards. Evaluation was undertaken using real design examples from an Urban and Regional Land Council (URLC) subdivision at Epping in Victoria. The study quantified the cost of overshadowing in terms of added compliance costs, examined options for dealing with the negative impacts of overshadowing, quantified the advantages of favourable orientation and adequate solar access (though strategic application of height and setback restrictions). The study also provided advice on cost effective improvement measures capable of attaining the required performance level where overshadowing (to various degrees) is unavoidable.

Comparative cost benefit study of energy efficiency measures for Class 1 buildings and high rise apartments

Client: Sustainable Energy Authority of Victoria
Cost benefit analysis to support the move to mandatory 5 star homes in Victoria which were introduced in 2004. This study estimates costs and energy benefits for a wide range of housing types and space conditioning scenarios in Victoria. The report was completed in March 2002. An associated report by Allen Consulting examined macro-economic impacts of the proposed regulation.

Implications for Space Conditioning in Class 1 Buildings in Victoria of Improved Building Shell Performance

Client: Sustainable Energy Authority of Victoria
Project exploring the cost differences associated with the purchase, installation and operation of various forms of heating and cooling equipment needed to provide equivalent energy service to a 5 star and a 2 star version of the same house configuration in Victoria. Report prepared by EES with assistance from Global Energy Services, mid 2001.

Impact of overshadowing by new housing development on the energy efficiency of existing housing

Client: Sustainable Energy Authority of Victoria
Project involved extensive modelling using "First Rate" to assess the impact of building lot designs and orientation, used as a basis to review the Good Design Guide (now RESCODE) in Victoria, completed early 2000.

Review of Energy Test Standards and Regulations in APEC member economies

Client: APEC Sectretariat Report prepared by EES with George Wilkenfeld & Associates, PW Associates, and IIEC for the APEC Secretariat. This report assesses the technical content of APEC test procedures for all electrical products regulated for energy efficiency, the suitability of international standards for use within APEC and the potential for alignment of test procedures in the APEC region.

Appliance Standby Power Consumption Store Survey 2003.

Prepared by EES and EnergyConsult for NAEEEC.

Standards Development in Australia – 2002

Report prepared by Robert Foster and Lloyd Harrington (EES) for NAEEEC. March 2003.

Study on Algorithm Development for Energy Performance Testing - Study 1: Selection of Product Groups. A series of reports prepared for APEC Secretariat, December 2001, Project EWG 03/200T.

Quantification of residential standby power consumption in Australia-2001. Report prepared by Lloyd Harrington of Energy Efficient Strategies and Paula Kleverlaan of EnergyConsult for NAEEEC.

Impact of Minimum Energy Performance Requirements for Class 1 Buildings in Victoria Report prepared by EES with Energy Partners, George Wilkenfeld & Associates and EnergyConsult. Project to assess the impact of mandatory Victorian Insulation regulations on building energy efficiency: the project includes the benchmarking of building shell efficiency prior to the introduction of insulation regulations in 1992 and again in 1999 to assess trends in efficiency as well as other factors that impact on energy consumption; project involves full rating of some 345 houses built in Victoria plus extensive analysis and modelling. Appendices for the above report.

International Review of Minimum Energy Performance Standards for Electric Resistance Storage Water Heaters.

Paper prepared by Harrington EES and Ryan EnergyConsult for NAEEEC.

Verification Testing - Household Electric Clothes Dryers By Robert Foster and Lloyd Harrington (EES) for NAEEEC.

Verification Testing - Household Electric Refrigerators By Robert Foster and Lloyd Harrington (EES) for NAEEEC.

Symposium on Domestic Refrigeration Appliances: Background discussion paper - minimum energy performance standards, energy labelling & test procedures Prepared by Energy Efficient Strategies for APEC Secretariat, APEC Project EWG 4/99T, 22 March 2000.

Review of energy efficiency test standards and regulations in APEC member economies Prepared by Energy Efficient Strategies (and others), November 1999. Published for APEC Secretariat, Singapore. APEC report #99-RE-01.5 ISBN 0-646-38672-7. Appendices for the above report.

Colloquium on Technical Issues of Minimum Energy Performance Standards (Ballasts and Air Conditioners) Prepared by EES and George Wilkenfeld and Associates, Seoul, Korea, 6 to 8 October 1999, sponsored by APEC Secretariat, APEC Project EWG 3/99.

Australian Residential Building Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1990–2010 Report prepared by Lloyd Harrington and Robert Foster, EES with assistance from Energy Partners and George Wilkenfeld and Associates for Australian Greenhouse Office, 1999. A report to estimate residential building sector greenhouse gas emissions, including an energy end use stock model for all major residential appliances and equipment with particular emphasis on the impact of building shell measures on residential heating and cooling energy consumption. Completed early 1999 with assistance from Energy Partners and George Wilkenfeld & Associates. Appendices for the above report.